一、Kukula kwaKujambula mozungulira
M'mayiko akunja, akamaumba rotational wakhala mmodzi wa ambiri ntchito pulasitiki akamaumba njira. M'zaka za m'ma 1940, phala la PVC linkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoseweretsa monga mipira ya pulasitiki kudzera muzitsulo zozungulira. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, polyethylene rotational akamaumba ndondomeko ntchito otsika kachulukidwe polyethylene ufa utomoni monga zopangira anapangidwa kupanga zinthu mafakitale monga akasinja polyethylene yosungirako ndi mipope lalikulu, amene kwambiri kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha rotational akamaumba ndondomeko. Kuyambira pamenepo, nayiloni, polycarbonate, ABS ndi mapulasitiki ena adapangidwanso ndi njira yozungulira yozungulira. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, kuumba mozungulira kunali kofala kwambiri.
Mu 1971, panali makampani oposa 50 chinkhoswe kupanga rotational akamaumba mankhwala mu UK, ndi za 70 opanga rotational akamaumba thermoplastics; Pali makampani opitilira 20 omwe akugwira ntchito yozungulira pozungulira ku Europe, kuphatikiza makampani ochokera ku Germany, France, Switzerland, Norway, Austria, Denmark ndi mayiko ena.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, UK inatha kupereka makina opangira mpukutu omwe amatha kupanga zitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu ya 18000L; Dziko la Netherlands lapanga thanki yayikulu yozungulira yokhala ndi mainchesi a 2.1m ndi kutalika kwa 4.8m. Thanki ndi 540kg ndipo makulidwe a khoma ndi 25mm. Mu 1970, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa mozungulira ku Europe zidafika kupitilira 15000t, kuphatikiza pafupifupi 7000t ku Britain.
Mu 1970, mayunitsi opitilira 500 ku United States adagwira ntchito yopanga zinthu zozungulira. Iwo anali oposa 500makina ozungulira ozungulira, ndipo mphamvu ya zotengera zozungulira zozungulira zidapitilira 10000 L (magaloni 2400); Zigawo zapulasitiki zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makina opangira mpukutu ndi 4.6× mfundo zinayi zisanu ndi chimodzi× 2.1m.
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, chitukuko chofulumira cha teknoloji yozungulira yozungulira chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa utomoni ndi zipangizo zozungulira. Panthawiyi, mapulasitiki ambiri apadera ozungulira amapangidwa, monga PE P-320, Raychem Flamolin 771 ndi ma resin ena a polyethylene opangidwa ndi United Carburization Company. FE P-320 ndi mtundu wa polyethylene otsika osalimba, amene ali bwino otaya akamaumba ntchito ya otsika kachulukidwe polyethylene utomoni ndi otsika kutentha zimakhudza toughness, mankhwala kukana ndi maganizo akulimbana kukana mkulu-osalimba polyethylene utomoni; Raychems F1amo1in 711 ndi utomoni wolumikizana ndi polyethylene wopangira mozungulira. Kuphatikiza pa kulumikizidwa, ilinso ndi zinthu zozimitsa zokha. Mpukutu wotchuka wopangira mtanda wolumikizana ndi polyethylene resin Marlex Cl-100 wa Philips adapangidwanso panthawiyi.
Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zokonzekera zazikuluzozungulira akamaumba mankhwala, makina ambiri omwe amatha kupanga zinthu zazikulu zozungulira zozungulira adapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo apansi ndi mphamvu za kutentha. Mu 1970, opitilira theka la makina opangira mpukutu omwe adagulitsidwa pamsika anali ndi mainchesi ozungulira opitilira 1.75m. Kuphatikiza apo, mulingo wowongolera wa makinawo wakonzedwanso mpaka mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, atatu mkono kasinthasintha akamaumba makina McNeil Auronismodel 3000-200 akhoza kulamulira Kutentha ndi kuzirala mkombero pa mkono uliwonse payokha, kuti mankhwala a miyeso yosiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo akhoza imodzi kasinthasintha kuumbidwa. M'mimba mwake mozungulira mpaka 5m, ndipo kulemera kwathunthu kwa nkhungu ndi utomoni zomwe mkono uliwonse ungathe kunyamula ndi pafupifupi 13500N; Makina omangira amtundu wa jekete wokhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yosinthira kutentha ndi malo ang'onoang'ono apansi adapangidwanso ndikupangidwa panthawiyi.
Kukula ndi kafukufuku wa kuumba kozungulira ku China kutha kuyambikanso m'ma 1960. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, makampani opanga zidole ku Shanghai anali atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira kuti apange mapepala ofewa a PVC pachaka; Chomera chachitatu cha Shangsu Plastics ali bwinobwino mayesero opangidwa 200L ndi 1500L mpukutu kuumbidwa muli muli polyethylene; Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, Beijing FRP Research Institute idapanga bwino chidebe cha nayiloni chapulasitiki chozungulira ndikuchiyika muzozimitsa moto m'nkhalango ndi zinthu zina. Komabe, kupanga kwenikweni kwakukulu kwa mafakitale kunabwera pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulokuumba mozungulirazida ndi ukadaulo wochokera kunja pakati ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Pakadali pano, yatha kukonza zinthu zazikulu zamapulasitiki monga matanki osungiramo mankhwala okhala ndi chidebe chopitilira 20000L ndi pulasitiki wapamwamba ma yacht onse apulasitiki.
二, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Ozungulira
Ndi chitukuko cha luso rotational akamaumba, ntchito kuchuluka kwa zinthu rotational akamaumba wakhala kukodzedwa mosalekeza. Mpaka pano, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zozungulira zozungulira kwakhala kokulirapo. Ntchito zina zoyimilira zitha kuwonetsedwa motere.
1. Zigawo zapulasitiki zozungulira zotengera
Mitundu ya pulasitiki yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matangi osungira madzi, akasinja amafuta osiyanasiyana amadzimadzi (monga asidi, alkali, mchere, feteleza wamankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, etc.), zotengera zamafuta (ma tanki amafuta ndi akasinja amafuta agalimoto ndi ndege), zipolopolo za batri, etc.
2. Zigawo zozungulira zamagalimoto
Iwo makamaka umakhudza polyethylene ndi polyvinyl kolorayidi phala utomoni, ndi yokulungira akamaumba zovekera zosiyanasiyana chitoliro, monga mpweya chigongono, backrest, handrail, etc.
3.Zida zamasewera ndi zolowa m'malo osiyanasiyana
Pali makamaka zosiyanasiyana PVC phala roto kuumbidwa mbali, monga polo madzi, mpira akuyandama, njinga mpando khushoni, bwato laling'ono ndi absorber mantha pakati pa sitima ndi doko. Mgolo wa rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene mbiya wopangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo wa Philips' rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene "Maricxcl-100" ukhoza kupikisana ndi mbiya yachitsulo, ndipo umalimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kutsika mtengo kwa mankhwala. Tray yozungulira palletizing idagulitsidwa ku United States, Japan ndi mayiko ena koyambirira kwa 1970s; Ma surfboards, mabwato, ndi zina zambiri ndi magawo opangidwa ndi mpukutu omwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa m'mabuku.
4. Zoseweretsa, zitsanzo, ntchito zamanja, etc
Chifukwa nkhungu yozungulira imatha kupangidwa ndi kuponyedwa mwatsatanetsatane, electroforming ndi njira zina; Pamwamba pazigawo zozungulira zozungulira zimakhala ndi "kopi" yabwino pamapangidwe abwino a pamwamba pa nkhungu. Chifukwa chake, njira yozungulira yozungulira imatha kupanga zinthuzo kukhala zosakhwima komanso zokongola. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi mtengo wowonera, makamakazidole, zitsanzo, ntchito zamanja, ndi zina zotero.
5. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambazi, palinso zosiyanasiyanamabokosi, zipolopolo, mapaipi akuluakulu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirizozungulira akamaumba mankhwalamonga mabokosi ogulitsa,zinyalala, zipolopolo zamakina, zotchingira zoteteza, zoyikapo nyali, zimbudzi, zimbudzi, zipinda zamafoni, ma yachts, ndi zina.
Zopangira zozungulira zozungulira zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungirako mankhwala amadzimadzi ndi zoyendera, mabizinesi amankhwala, zokutira zamafakitale,ochapira matankindi akasinja reaction mu osowa nthaka kukonzekera, komanso mtsinje ndizokopa za m'nyanja, pakhomomatanki amadzindi minda ina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-15-2022