Ikakhala yaulere m'malo ozizira, molekyulu imatha kuziziritsa mwachangu pochepetsa kusinthasintha kwake ndikutaya mphamvu yozungulira mu quantum transitions.Asayansi awonetsa kuti kuzizira kozunguliraku kumatha kufulumizitsa, kuchepetsedwa kapena kutembenuzidwa ndi kugunda kwa mamolekyu okhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tozungulira. .googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′);});
Ofufuza a Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics ku Germany ndi Columbia Astrophysical Laboratory posachedwapa adayesa kuyesa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa kusintha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mamolekyu ndi ma elekitironi. za chiŵerengero ichi, chimene m'mbuyomu ankangoyerekeza mwangonena.
"Ma elekitironi ndi ma ion a ma molekyulu akakhala mu mpweya wochepa mphamvu wa ionized, kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu otsika kwambiri kumatha kusintha pakagundana," Ábel Kálosi, m'modzi mwa ofufuza omwe adachita kafukufukuyu, adauza Phys.org. Njirayi ili m'mitambo ya interstellar, pomwe zowonera zikuwonetsa kuti mamolekyu ambiri amakhala m'malo awo otsika kwambiri. Kukopana pakati pa ma elekitironi omwe alibe chaji ndi ma ma ion a ma molekyulu opangidwa bwino kumapangitsa kuti kugunda kwa ma elekitironi kukhale kothandiza kwambiri. "
Kwa zaka zambiri, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo akhala akuyesera kuti adziwe momwe ma elekitironi aulere amagwirizanirana ndi mamolekyu panthawi ya kugundana ndipo pamapeto pake amasintha mawonekedwe awo ozungulira.
"Mpaka pano, palibe miyeso yomwe yapangidwa kuti itsimikizire kulondola kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu zozungulira pa kachulukidwe ka elekitironi ndi kutentha," akufotokoza motero Kálosi.
Kuti asonkhanitse muyeso uwu, Kálosi ndi anzake adabweretsa mamolekyu akutali kuti agwirizane kwambiri ndi ma elekitironi pa kutentha pafupifupi 25 Kelvin.
Muzoyesera zawo, ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito mphete yosungiramo cryogenic ku Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics ku Heidelberg, Germany, yopangidwira mitundu yosankha ma ion ma ion ma molekyulu. imatulutsidwa kwambiri ku mipweya ina iliyonse yakumbuyo.
“Mu mphete ya cryogenic, ma ion osungidwa amatha kuzizidwa mowolowa manja mpaka kutentha kwa makoma a mphete, kutulutsa ayoni odzaza pang’ono kwambiri,” akufotokoza motero Kálosi.” Mphete zosungirako zolira zapangidwa posachedwapa m’maiko angapo, koma malo athu ndi yokhayo yokhala ndi mtengo wa elekitironi wopangidwa mwapadera womwe ungaluze ku ma ion a ma molekyulu. Ma ion amasungidwa kwa mphindi zingapo mu mphete iyi, laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza mphamvu ya ma ion a mamolekyu.
Posankha kuwala kwapadera kwa laser probe laser, gululo likhoza kuwononga kachigawo kakang'ono ka ma ion osungidwa ngati mphamvu zawo zozungulira zikufanana ndi kutalika kwake.
Gululo linasonkhanitsa miyeso yawo pokhalapo komanso kusowa kwa kugunda kwa ma electron.Izi zinawalola kuti azindikire kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu osakanikirana pansi pa kutentha kochepa komwe kumayikidwa mukuyesera.
Kálosi anati: “Kuti kuyezetsa kugunda kwa kusintha kwa dziko, m’pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yozungulira ikuchepa kwambiri mu ma ion a molekyulu,” anatero Kálosi. ma voliyumu, pogwiritsa ntchito kuzirala kwa cryogenic kuzizira kwambiri pansi pa kutentha kwa chipinda, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupi ndi 300 Kelvin. Mu voliyumu iyi, mamolekyu amatha kukhala olekanitsidwa ndi mamolekyu omwe amapezeka paliponse, ma radiation a infrared achilengedwe.
Poyesera, Kálosi ndi anzake adatha kukwaniritsa zochitika zoyesera momwe kugunda kwa ma elekitironi kumayang'anira kusintha kwa kuwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitironi okwanira, amatha kusonkhanitsa miyeso yochuluka ya kugunda kwa ma elekitironi ndi CH + ma ion a molekyulu.
"Tidapeza kuti kusintha kwa ma elekitironi komwe kumayenderana ndi zolosera zam'mbuyomu," adatero Kálosi. Tikuyembekeza kuti kuwerengera kwamtsogolo kudzayang'ana kwambiri zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kugunda kwa ma elekitironi pamagulu otsika kwambiri amagetsi m'makina ozizira, akutali. "
Kuwonjezera pa kutsimikizira zolosera zachidziwitso pazochitika zoyesera kwa nthawi yoyamba, ntchito yaposachedwa ya gulu ili la ochita kafukufuku ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zofunikira za kafukufuku.Mwachitsanzo, zomwe apeza zimasonyeza kuti kuyeza kusintha kwa electron-induced rate of quantum energy level kungakhale. Chofunika kwambiri posanthula ma siginecha ofooka a mamolekyu a m'mlengalenga ozindikiridwa ndi ma telescope a wailesi kapena ma reactivity a mankhwala m'madzi a m'magazi oonda ndi ozizira.
M'tsogolomu, pepalali likhoza kutsegulira njira ya maphunziro atsopano anthanthidwe omwe amaganizira kwambiri zotsatira za kugunda kwa ma elekitironi pakugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu zozungulira za quantum mu ma molekyulu ozizira. ndizotheka kuchita zoyeserera mwatsatanetsatane m'munda.
"Mu mphete yosungiramo ma cryogenic, tikukonzekera kuyambitsa umisiri wosunthika wa laser kuti ufufuze kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamitundu yambiri yamitundu ya diatomic ndi polyatomic," akuwonjezera Kálosi. . Miyezo ya labotale yamtunduwu ipitilira kuwonjezeredwa, makamaka pakuwunika zakuthambo pogwiritsa ntchito zowonera zamphamvu monga Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array ku Chile. ”
Chonde gwiritsani ntchito fomuyi ngati mukukumana ndi zolakwika za kalembedwe, zolakwika, kapena mukufuna kutumiza pempho losintha zomwe zili patsambali.Pazambiri, chonde gwiritsani ntchito fomu yathu yolumikizirana.Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde gwiritsani ntchito gawo lomwe lili pansipa (chonde tsatirani. malangizo).
Ndemanga zanu ndi zofunika kwa ife.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mauthenga, sitikutsimikizira kuti aliyense wayankha.
Adilesi yanu ya imelo imagwiritsidwa ntchito podziwitsa omwe akulandirani omwe adatumiza imeloyo. Adilesi yanu kapena adilesi ya wolandila sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zina zilizonse. Zomwe mungalembe zizipezeka mu imelo yanu ndipo sizidzasungidwa ndi Phys.org m'njira iliyonse. mawonekedwe.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-28-2022